(National Youth Day 2023: Marking the 12th of January, this day commemorates the birth anniversary of the illustrious Swami Vivekananda. Renowned for his profound intellect, captivating oratory skills, and unwavering patriotism, he left an indelible mark on history. Embrace this National Youth Day as an opportunity to delve into the early life, educational journey, impactful works, enlightening teachings, and the treasure trove of philosophical books that define the legacy of Swami Vivekananda.) Checkout This: https://localbio.blogspot.com/
Quick Info: Religiou: Hinduism. Category: History & Society. Founder: Ramakrishna Mission. Place of Birth: Kolkata (Kolkata)
Date of Birth: 12th January 1863
Place of Birth: Kolkata
Date of Passing: 4th July 1902
Place of Passing: Belur Math, Howrah
Established Organizations: Ramakrishna Mission, Advaita Ashrama, and others
Educational Background: Attended Scottish Church College (SCC), Vidyasagar College (1871–1877), and more
Religious Views: Hinduism
Philosophy: Advaita Vedanta
Founder: Ramakrishna Mission
Subjects Of Study: Hinduism Vedanta
Complete Name: Narendra Nath Datta
Brother: Bhupendranath Datta
"Swami Vivekananda" redirects here. For other references, see Swami Vivekananda (disambiguation).
Swami Vivekananda (pronounced /ˈswɑːmi ˌvɪveɪˈkɑːnəndə/; Bengali: [ʃami bibekanɔndo] (listen); 12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), born Narendranath Datta (Bengali: [nɔrendronatʰ dɔto]), was an Indian Hindu monk, philosopher, author, religious teacher, and the primary disciple of the Indian mystic Ramakrishna.[4][5] He played a significant role in introducing Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world[6][7][8] and is credited with promoting interfaith understanding and elevating Hinduism to a major global religion status.[9]
Swami
Vivekananda
স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ
Monochrome image of Vivekananda, facing left, with arms crossed and wearing a turban
Vivekananda in Chicago, September 1893. Note: On the left, Vivekananda wrote: “One infinite pure and holy – beyond thought, beyond qualities, I bow down to thee”.[1]
Personal Information:
Birth
On the 12th of January 1863, Narendranath Datta came into the world in Calcutta, which was then a part of the Bengal Presidency under British India's rule. Presently, this location is known as Kolkata in the state of West Bengal, India.
Demise
Tragically, his life's journey concluded on the 4th of July 1902, when he passed away at the age of 39. This event took place in Belur Math, which was situated in the Bengal Presidency of British India. The place is now recognized as part of West Bengal, India.
Faith
Swami Vivekananda's spiritual path was rooted in Hinduism, a religion that held deep significance for him.
National Affiliation
During his lifetime, he held the status of a British subject in terms of citizenship.
Era and Philosophical Epoch
His existence was a pivotal juncture in the landscape of modern philosophy, taking place within the context of 19th-century philosophy.
Philosophical Domain and Heritage
Vivekananda was profoundly associated with Eastern philosophy, particularly Indian philosophy, while his philosophical framework was deeply entrenched in Vedanta and Yoga. He was linked with the Daśanāmi Sampradaya lineage.
Educational Background
His intellectual growth was nurtured at the University of Calcutta, where he pursued his Bachelor of Arts degree.
Signature Element
Vivekananda left his distinctive mark with his unique signature.
Path of Self-Realization
His spiritual journey was guided by the pursuit of self-realization and enlightenment.
Founding Legacy
Vivekananda established the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897, an institution dedicated to propagating spiritual teachings and service to humanity. He was also the driving force behind the creation of Ramakrishna Math.
Philosophical Framework
His philosophical approach encompassed Advaita Vedanta, emphasizing the unity of all existence, as well as Rāja yoga, a pathway to spiritual realization.
Influential Teacher
Ramakrishna, a revered Indian mystic, played the role of his spiritual mentor.
Noteworthy Disciples
Swami Vivekananda's teachings left a lasting impact on disciples such as Ashokananda, Virajananda, Paramananda, Alasinga Perumal, Abhayananda, Sister Nivedita, and Swami Sadananda.
Guiding Lights
He drew inspiration from notable figures including Tagore, Ramakrishna, Sen, and Spencer.
Literary Contributions
Vivekananda's intellectual legacy lives on through his literary works, which encompass diverse themes like Raja Yoga, Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Jnana Yoga, My Master, and his insightful Lectures from Colombo to Almora.
Quotation
“Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached”
Born into an aristocratic Bengali Kayastha family in Calcutta, Vivekananda displayed an early inclination towards religion and spirituality. He later encountered his guru, Ramakrishna, and embraced a monastic life. After Ramakrishna's passing, Vivekananda embarked on extensive travels throughout the Indian subcontinent, gaining firsthand insight into the challenges faced by the people under British rule. Moved by their struggles, he resolved to aid his fellow countrymen and eventually set his sights on the United States, where his prominence grew following the 1893 Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago. His iconic opening words, "Sisters and brothers of America," marked the beginning of his historic speech that introduced Hinduism to the American audience.[10][11] His impact was such that an American newspaper hailed him as "an orator by divine right and undoubtedly the greatest figure at the Parliament".[12]
Building on his success at the Parliament, Vivekananda went on to deliver numerous lectures across the United States, England, and Europe. He disseminated the fundamental tenets of Hindu philosophy and established the Vedanta Society of New York and the Vedanta Society of San Francisco (now the Vedanta Society of Northern California),[13] both of which played pivotal roles in spreading Vedanta teachings in the West. Back in India, he founded the Ramakrishna Math, a center for spiritual training for monks and lay devotees, as well as the Ramakrishna Mission, dedicated to charitable activities, social service, and education.[7]
Vivekananda emerged as a profoundly influential philosopher and social reformer in contemporary India. His impact extended beyond India's borders, as he effectively promoted Vedanta in the Western world. He also played a significant role in the Hindu reform movements of his time and contributed to the idea of Indian nationalism during the colonial era.[14] Today, he is widely recognized as one of modern India's most influential figures and a revered patriot. His birthday is celebrated as National Youth Day in India.[15][16]
Early Life (1863–1888)
A depiction of a Bengali woman seated
Bhubaneswari Devi (1841–1911); “I owe my intellectual blossoming to my mother.”[17] – Vivekananda
Vivekananda as a wandering monk
3 Gourmohan Mukherjee Street, the birthplace of Vivekananda, now converted into a museum and cultural center
Birth and Childhood
Statue of Vivekananda at the Ramakrishna Mission Swami Vivekananda’s Ancestral House and Cultural Centre
Vivekananda was born as Narendranath Datta (later shortened to Narendra or Naren) into a Bengali family at his ancestral home on 3 Gourmohan Mukherjee Street in Calcutta, the capital of British India, on 12 January 1863, coinciding with the Makar Sankranti festival.[22] He hailed from a traditional background and was one of nine siblings.[23] His father, Vishwanath Datta, was a lawyer at the Calcutta High Court.[19][24] Narendra's grandfather, Durgacharan Datta, was a scholar of Sanskrit and Persian who became a monk at the age of twenty-five.[26] His mother, Bhubaneswari Devi, was a devout homemaker. The progressive and rational mindset of Narendra's father, combined with his mother's religious disposition, significantly influenced his character and beliefs.[27][28] From an early age, Narendranath exhibited a keen interest in spirituality, often meditating before depictions of deities such as Shiva, Rama, Sita, and Mahavir Hanuman.[29] He was captivated by wandering ascetics and monks, which fascinated his young mind. However, he was also known for his mischievous and restless nature, often proving challenging for his parents to manage. His mother once quipped, "I prayed to Shiva for a son, and he sent me one of his demons".[26]
Education
In 1871, at the tender age of eight, Narendranath enrolled at Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’s Metropolitan Institution. He continued his education there until his family moved to Raipur in 1877.[30] In 1879, upon returning to Calcutta, he achieved the highest marks in the Presidency College entrance examination, distinguishing himself as the sole student to attain a first-division result.[31] Narendran
In 1885, Ramakrishna developed throat cancer and was relocated to Calcutta, later moving to a garden house in Cossipore. During his final days, Narendra and other disciples of Ramakrishna cared for him, and Narendra's spiritual education continued. It was at Cossipore that he experienced Nirvikalpa samadhi. As part of Ramakrishna's legacy, Narendra and several fellow disciples were bestowed with ochre robes, marking the establishment of his initial monastic order. The core principle imparted to them was that serving humanity was the most profound form of worship to the divine. Ramakrishna entrusted Narendra with the responsibility of looking after the other monastic disciples, in turn designating them to recognize Narendra as their leader. On the early morning of 16 August 1886, Ramakrishna passed away in Cossipore.
Formation of Ramakrishna Math
Main article: Baranagar Math
Following Ramakrishna's demise, the support from his followers dwindled. Financial difficulties arose, resulting in unpaid rent, and Narendra and his fellow disciples had to secure new accommodations. Many of them returned to their familial households, embracing a family-oriented lifestyle. However, Narendra made the decision to renovate a dilapidated house in Baranagar, converting it into a new math (monastic retreat) for the remaining disciples. The rent for this Baranagar Math was modest, maintained through "holy begging" (mādhukarī). This math stood as the foundational structure of the Ramakrishna Math, serving as the focal point for Ramakrishna's monastic order.
At the Baranagar Math, Narendra and his fellow disciples dedicated extensive hours to meditation and religious practices each day. In later reflections, Narendra recounted the formative days of the monastery, recalling how they would awaken at 3:00 AM and immerse themselves in japa (recitation of mantras) and meditation. Their commitment to these practices showcased their profound detachment from worldly matters.
In 1887, Narendra collaborated with Vaishnav Charan Basak to compile a collection of Bengali songs called "Sangeet Kalpataru." While Narendra played a significant role in collecting and organizing the songs for this anthology, the project couldn't be completed due to unfavorable circumstances.
Embracing Monastic Life
In December 1886, Baburam's mother extended an invitation to Narendra and his fellow monks to visit Antpur village. Accepting the invitation, Narendra and his fellow aspirants traveled to Antpur for a brief stay. On the Christmas Eve of 1886, in Antpur, Narendra, along with eight other disciples, formally embraced monastic vows. They committed themselves to living in accordance with the principles espoused by their master, Ramakrishna. It was during this time that Narendranath adopted the n
ame "Swami Vivekananda," symbolizing his dedication to the monastic path.
Journeys Across India (1888–1893)
Main article: Swami Vivekananda's Travels in India (1888–1893)
In 1888, Narendra embarked on a life of Parivrâjaka, embodying the Hindu tradition of a wandering monk, characterized by a nomadic existence "without fixed abode, without ties, independent and strangers wherever they go". His material possessions were minimal, comprising a kamandalu (water pot), a staff, and his two cherished books: the Bhagavad Gita and The Imitation of Christ. Over the course of five years, Narendra extensively traversed the length and breadth of India, immersing himself in centers of learning and immersing in the rich tapestry of various religious practices and societal dynamics. This journey allowed him to deepen his understanding of diverse traditions and societal norms.
During his sojourn, he developed a deep compassion for the suffering and impoverishment faced by the people, instilling in him a resolute determination to uplift the nation. Sustaining himself primarily through bhiksha (alms), Narendra journeyed on foot and by railway, often supported by tickets provided by his admirers. Throughout his expedition, he encountered and stayed with individuals from all walks of life and religious affiliations—scholars, administrators, monarchs, Hindus, Muslims, Christians, as well as individuals from marginalized communities like paraiyars (low-caste workers) and government officials.
On the 31st of May in 1893, Narendra embarked on his voyage from Bombay to Chicago, adopting the name "Vivekananda," a name proposed by Ajit Singh of Khetri. The name "Vivekananda" is a fusion of two Sanskrit terms, "viveka" signifying discerning wisdom, and "ānanda" representing bliss. This name encapsulated the essence of his journey—a pursuit of enlightened wisdom and joyous understanding.
FAQs
Q1. Who was Swami Vivekananda short biography?
Short Biography of Swami Vivekananda:
Swami Vivekananda, born as Narendranath Datta on January 12, 1863, in Calcutta, India, was a prominent Indian Hindu monk, philosopher, and spiritual leader. He was a disciple of the mystic saint Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and played a vital role in the introduction of Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world. Vivekananda was deeply committed to social reform, the upliftment of the masses, and the propagation of spiritual values. He passed away on July 4, 1902, but his teachings continue to inspire people worldwide.
Q2. What is the history of Swami Vivekananda in English?
Famous For:
Swami Vivekananda is renowned for his impactful speech at the World's Parliament of Religions held in Chicago in 1893. His address, which began with the words "Sisters and brothers of America," introduced Hinduism to the Western audience and emphasized the importance of religious tolerance and universal harmony. Vivekananda's teachings on Vedanta, spirituality, and social service have left an indelible mark on modern Hindu philosophy and global spiritual thought.
Q3. What is the history of Swami Vivekananda in English?
History of Swami Vivekananda in English:
Swami Vivekananda was born as Narendranath Datta in Calcutta, India, on January 12, 1863. He was drawn to spirituality from a young age and became a disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. After Ramakrishna's passing, Vivekananda embarked on extensive travels across India, witnessing the struggles of the masses and recognizing the need for their upliftment. His historic speech at the World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago in 1893 brought him international recognition. He continued to travel, teach, and inspire until his demise on July 4, 1902.
Q4. स्वामी विवेकानंद किस लिए प्रसिद्ध है?
स्वामी विवेकानंद किस लिए प्रसिद्ध है?
स्वामी विवेकानंद विश्व के पश्चिमी दुनिया में वेदांत और योग के भारतीय तत्वों की प्रस्तुति में अहम भूमिका निभाने के लिए प्रसिद्ध हैं। उनका 1893 में शिकागो में हुआ भाषण, जिसमें उन्होंने "अमेरिका की बहनों और भाइयों" के शब्दों से शुरू किया, पश्चिमी जनसमुदाय को हिन्दू धर्म की परिचय देने में महत्वपूर्ण था। उनके वेदांत, आध्यात्मिकता और सामाजिक सेवा पर आधारित उपदेशों ने मॉडर्न हिन्दू दर्शन और वैश्विक आध्यात्मिक विचार पर गहरा प्रभाव डाला।
Q5. What are the 4 teachings of Swami Vivekananda?
Four Teachings of Swami Vivekananda:
Oneness of Religion: Vivekananda emphasized that all religions are different paths to the same ultimate truth. He advocated religious tolerance and believed that understanding the essence of various faiths can lead to harmony among people.
Unity and Brotherhood: He stressed the importance of recognizing the inherent unity among all human beings. He promoted the concept of universal brotherhood, transcending barriers of caste, creed, and nationality.
Self-Realization and Service: Vivekananda believed in the divinity within each individual. He encouraged the pursuit of self-realization and the importance of serving humanity, considering it a form of worship.
Strength and Character Building: He emphasized the development of mental and moral strength. Vivekananda believed that a strong character is essential for individual and societal progress.
Q6. What is the slogan of Vivekananda?
Slogan of Vivekananda:
The famous slogan associated with Swami Vivekananda is "Arise, Awake, and Stop Not Till the Goal is Reached." This slogan encapsulates his call to action, urging individuals to awaken their inner potential, overcome obstacles, and tirelessly work toward their goals.
Q7. What is Vivekananda concept of God?
Vivekananda's Concept of God:
Vivekananda's concept of God was rooted in Advaita Vedanta philosophy. He saw God as the ultimate reality, the underlying essence of everything in the universe. He believed that all individuals possess a divine spark within them and that realization of this inherent divinity leads to spiritual liberation.
Q8. Why Vivekananda is called Swami?
Why Vivekananda is Called Swami:
The title "Swami" is a honorific term used to address monks in Hinduism. Swami Vivekananda adopted this title after taking formal monastic vows in December 1886. It signifies his commitment to the monastic way of life and his dedication to spiritual pursuits.
